Introduction Crushing is a set of operations carried out to fragment ore b locks of various sizes, which can be segmented into stages such as primary and secondary. The machines most used during this process are crushers, which come in various types such as gyratory, jaw, impact, and roller crushers. This article discusses one of Kot's successful cases, in which the...
Introduction With over 31,000 kilometers of network across the country, the railway mode connects major mining and steel centers as well as interconnects industrial and agricultural hubs to the main Brazilian ports. Due to the significant carrying capacity of locomotives, railways stand out in loading large volumes of products and raw materials, which contributes to reducing transportation and subsequent costs...
Introduction Pulleys are rotary components, used in belt conveyors, which have the function of transmitting movement, diverting direction or even stretching the belt. This equipment consists of four main structural components: the shaft, the hub, the disc and the cylinder. It is possible to visualize below, in Figure 1, the distribution of these elements in a drum pulley. Figure 1: Pulley...
Introduction Structural analysis using the finite element method (FEM) is a resource widely used for structural integrity assessment of industrial assets. As an example, the analysis can be applied to yard machines to check for non-conformities, possible failures and unknown phenomena. Structural Analysis Kot carried out the structural validation of a reclaimer using the finite element method (FEM). The iron ore reclaimer,...
What is structural safety? Structural safety is the condition in which a structure operates with expected performance. A more technical and precise definition is addressed by Leonhardt and Monning, who define that the concept refers to the structure's ability to resist actions and stresses with an adequate safety margin [1]. The abovementioned definition developed by the authors, who are a reference...
Introduction The discrete element method (DEM) is a tool used to simulate the behavior of bulk materials, regardless of shapes and sizes. It can be used in equipment such as silos, hoppers and transfer chutes. This method allows the asset operation to be numerically represented, after correlating the model and the data of the under-analysis equipment. Thus, it becomes possible...
The last article published on KOT's Blog covered concepts such as: ODS, accelerometry, modal analysis and ressonance. Introduction The need for mills in various mining processes is evident to professionals in the field of work, especially for grinding systems. This article will present one of Kot's successful cases, contemplating the dynamic analysis in one of these equipments: the ball mill. This...
The last article published on KOT's Blog covered concepts such as: concrete, building pathologies, sclerometer, extensometry and carbonation. What is ODS (Operating deflection shade) and how can it be used to solve structural non-conformities? Operating deflection shade (ODS) is a method that can be used to measure acting vibrations on an equipment or structure, during its operation. In general, vibration analysis’ main...
The last article published on KOT's Blog covered concepts such as: concrete, building pathologies, ultrasonic, tomography and pacometry for concrete structures. This paper aims to discuss the following tests for concrete structures: Sclerometer;Extensometry;Accelerometry;Axial compressive strength;Carbonation. Sclerometer Sclerometer is a non-destructive test that measures concrete surface hardness, providing evaluation elements for the quality of hardened concrete. The equipment used is the reflection sclerometer. The evaluation...
Concrete is the name given to the material resulting from the appropriate mixture, known as mix ratio, of cement, water, coarse aggregate (gravel) and fine aggregate (sand). The composition of this material with steel bars generates the reinforced concrete. When in its plastic or fresh state, concrete can be molded in desired shapes and dimensions. On the other hand, when...
